Look at these examples to see how the present perfect simple and continuous are used.
We've painted the bathroom.
She's been training for a half-marathon.
I've had three coffees already today!
They've been waiting for hours.
Try this exercise to test your grammar.
Read the explanation to learn more.
Grammar explanation
We use both the present perfect simple (have or has + past participle) and the present perfect continuous (have or has + been + -ing form) to talk about past actions or states which are still connected to the present.
Focusing on result or activity
The present perfect simple usually focuses on the result of the activity in some way, and the present perfect continuous usually focuses on the activity itself in some way.
| Present perfect simple | Present perfect continuous |
| Focuses on the result | Focuses on the activity |
| You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely! | I've been gardening. It's so nice out there. |
| Says 'how many' | Says 'how long' |
| She's read ten books this summer. | She's been reading that book all day. |
| Describes a completed action | Describes an activity which may continue |
| I've written you an email. | I've been writing emails. |
| When we can see evidence of recent activity | |
| The grass looks wet. Has it been raining? I know, I'm really red. I've been running! |
Ongoing states and actions
We often use for, since and how long with the present perfect simple to talk about ongoing states.
How long have you known each other?
We've known each other since we were at school.
We often use for, since and how long with the present perfect continuous to talk about ongoing single or repeated actions.
How long have they been playing tennis?
They've been playing tennis for an hour.
They've been playing tennis every Sunday for years.
Sometimes the present perfect continuous can emphasise that a situation is temporary.
I usually go to the gym on the High Street, but it's closed for repairs at the moment so I've been going to the one in the shopping centre.
Do this exercise to test your grammar again.
Good morning.
I have a question please.
We have been watching TV since yesterday.
Or
We were watching TV since yesterday!
As far as I know, with "since" we use present perfect continuous.
but also, there is the word yesterday in the sentence. (We use past tense)
So, my question is, shall we use present perfect continuous or past continuous? and why? .... Thank you!
Regards,
Amani Sweidan
Hi Amani Sweidan,
We have been watching ... is right. It's true that fixed points in past time (e.g. yesterday) are used with the past simple. We use them with actions that happened and ended in the past (e.g. We were watching TV yesterday). The action doesn't continue until the present.
But the phrase since yesterday means "from yesterday until now". It's a time period starting in the past and continuing into the present. That's why it's used with the present perfect.
Does that make sense?
Jonathan
LearnEnglish team
Hello,
I asked my teacher for what they did in class and my teacher answered me with present perfect continuous. Could you explain why he used the tense in that context?
Hi Khangvo2812,
It really depends what exactly your teacher said. The best person to answer this question is probably your teacher!
That said, if your teacher said something like "We've been practising vocabulary", it could be because the teacher wanted to emphasise the activity itself rather than any result of it, or because the teacher intends to continue it in future lessons. It's hard to know for sure without knowing what exactly was said and the context of your class.
Jonathan
LearnEnglish team
Hi
In this sentence
Has someone (been eating /eaten)my special bread?There is only a little bit left.why is( been eating )correct?
Hello fanagis.l,
We often use the present perfect continuous to speak of an activity that we see evidence of. In this case, the activity is eating the special bread and 'there is only a little bit left' is the evidence of someone eating the bread.
If none of the bread was left, the present perfect simple would be the correct form since it refers to a completed action: 'Has someone eaten my special bread? I don't see it anywhere.'
All the best,
Kirk
LearnEnglish team
In grammer test 1st question,
why we can't use "hated"?
Isn't the sentence focusing in the activity?
I am looking forward for your reply.
Thank you.
Hi inci.yildirim,
"Hated" is actually the correct answer. Were you asking about why "been hating" is incorrect?
"Hate" is a stative verb, and stative verbs aren't normally used in continuous structures. You can read more about this on our stative verbs page (linked). I hope you find it useful.
Jonathan
LearnEnglish team
Hello sir/mam. Could you please summarise in which places we should use present perfect tense? I know it's there but I still have some doubts.
Hello sachin penguin,
There are many different ways the present perfect is used, and they are all connected to the situation the communication is happening in. In general, it refers to a past time that is somehow connected to the present.
There are several pages on LearnEnglish that I would refer you to for more details and specific examples.
We're also happy to answer any more specific questions you have. Answering very general ones takes quite a lot of effort and is just a repeat of what you can find on these pages.
All the best,
Kirk
LearnEnglish team