Present simple: 'to be'

Do you know how to use the verb to be in the present simple? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

Look at these examples to see how we use to be in the present simple.

I'm a student.
My mum's a doctor.
They aren't very busy.
Is he a teacher?

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar test 1: Grammar A1-A2: Present simple – to be: 1

Grammar explanation

We can use the present simple of the verb to be to talk about situations and states in the present.

Affirmative	Negative	Question
I am	I am not	Am I?
You/we/they are	You/we/they are not	Are you/we/they?
He/she/it is	He/she/it is not	Is he/she/it?

Contractions

We can contract the verb, especially when we're speaking.

I am a shop assistant. = I'm a shop assistant.
You are a good friend! = You're a good friend!
He is my wife's brother. = He's my wife's brother.
We are very busy at the moment. = We're very busy at the moment.
They are on holiday in Italy. = They're on holiday in Italy.

Negatives

For negatives, use not after the verb. We can contract the verb or not.

I am not at work. = I'm not at work. Note: I amn't is not possible.
She is not a student. = She's not a student. = She isn't a student.
Money is not important. = Money's not important. = Money isn't important.
We are not hungry. = We're not hungry. = We aren't hungry.
They are not at home. = They're not at home. = They aren't at home.

Questions

For questions, change the order of am, is or are and the person.

Are you tired?
Is she Mexican?
Is this your phone?
Are we late?
Are they your children?

Short answers

Affirmative	Negative	(Verb contracted)	(not contracted)
Yes, I am.	No, I am not.	No, I'm not.	~~No, I amn't.~~
Yes, you are.	No, you are not.	No, you're not.	No, you aren't.
Yes, we are.	No, we are not.	No, we're not.	No, we aren't.
Yes, they are.	No, they are not.	No, they're not.	No, they aren't.
Yes, he is.	No, he is not.	No, he's not.	No, he isn't.
Yes, she is.	No, she is not.	No, she's not.	No, she isn't.
Yes, it is.	No, it is not.	No, it's not.	No, it isn't.

Note that with short answers, we only use contractions with no answers.

Questions with question words

We can also make questions by using a question word like where, when, who or what. We put the question word at the beginning.

Where are you from? I'm from Brazil.
When is the meeting? It's next Tuesday.
Who's she? She's my sister.
What time is it? It's six o'clock.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Grammar test 2: Grammar A1-A2: Present simple – to be: 2

Language level

A1 - Elementary

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That is a great explanation. Thank you sir!

hi, learn English team I'm asking about the (grammar test 2) especially the seventh question why we should use 'are' and not 'is'

and thanks

Hi WHYtheRUSH,

The question is: Where _____ the toilets, please?

The subject is "the toilets" (= "they"). It is plural (more than one toilet), so the verb is "are".

If you are talking about only one toilet, then use "is": Where is the toilet, please?

Does that make sense?

Jonathan

LearnEnglish team

thank you so much

The subject toilets is a plural noun,
plural form of "to be" verb is "are"
singular form of "to be" verb is "is"
so here for toilets,
"Where are the toilets, please?"
if it is toilet,
"Where is the toilet, please?"

Singular
First person : (I) am
Second person : (you) are
Third person : (he/she/it) is
Plural
First person : (we) are
Second person : (you) are
Third person : (they) are

Hello abhishekbas,

Yes, that's correct. Well done!

Peter

The LearnEnglish Team

How to understand which verb is needed in question 7 (Where _____ the toilets, please?) if there is no pronoun?

Hi Pulsar,

In a question, the verb comes first, and then the subject. The subject is "the toilets" (= "they"), so that's why the verb is "are".

I hope that helps!